- Observed on: 11th September every year in India.
- Purpose: To honour the sacrifices of forest personnel, environmentalists, and community members who laid down their lives defending India’s forests and wildlife.
- Recognises the risks faced in the conservation of natural resources and raises awareness about protecting ecological heritage.
History
- Origin linked to the Khejarli Massacre of 1730 in the Marwar Kingdom (present-day Rajasthan).
- Incident: Maharaja Abhai Singh of Jodhpur ordered cutting of Khejri trees in Khejarli village to supply timber for his palace.
- Resistance: Led by Amrita Devi Bishnoi, villagers of the Bishnoi community protested by hugging trees to protect them.
- Outcome: Amrita Devi and 363 villagers were killed while defending the trees.
- Their sacrifice later inspired major conservation movements in India, including the Chipko Movement (1970s).
- In 2013, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) declared 11 September as National Forest Martyrs Day.
Significance
- A tribute to those who defended nature against exploitation (illegal logging, poaching, deforestation).
- Reinforces the idea that forests are lifelines – they regulate climate, purify air and water, and sustain biodiversity.
- Promotes the ethos of eco-conscious living inspired by historical sacrifices.
Commemoration
- Observed across the country with:
- Memorial services
- Tree plantation drives
- Awareness campaigns
- Educational activities in schools & colleges
- Events organised by MoEFCC, State Forest Departments, NGOs, and local communities.