The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, in collaboration with the Satcom Industry Association of India (SIA-India), launched a comprehensive Space Cyber Security Framework to secure India’s satellite communication ecosystem. The guidelines were unveiled at the DefSat Conference and Expo 2026 in New Delhi.
The framework aims to strengthen cyber resilience across India’s space communication infrastructure, including satellites, ground stations, communication links, and supply chains.
Objective of the Framework
The initiative aims to enhance cybersecurity across the entire space ecosystem by providing:
- Security guidelines and best practices
- Threat mitigation strategies
- Incident response protocols
- Governance and accountability mechanisms
It covers stakeholders such as:
- Satellite operators
- Ground station controllers
- Equipment manufacturers
- Private space companies
- Government agencies
Key Provisions of Space Cyber Security Framework
| Component | Description |
| Threat Assessment | Identifies risks like signal jamming, spoofing, firmware manipulation, unauthorized command uplinks |
| Segment-wise Security Controls | Security measures across satellites, ground infrastructure, communication links and user terminals |
| Defence-in-Depth | Multi-layered cybersecurity model protecting systems at multiple levels |
| Incident Response | Detection, reporting and response aligned with CERT-In directions |
| Governance | Mandatory appointment of Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) for SatCom operators |
| Supply Chain Security | Risk assessment, certification and monitoring of equipment and suppliers |
| Ecosystem Coverage | Protection of satellites, ground systems, communication networks and supply chains |
Security Measures Across Space Systems
The framework mandates security across different segments.
| Segment | Security Measures |
| Space Segment | Secure satellite systems and onboard software |
| Ground Infrastructure | Authentication, access control and monitoring |
| Communication Links | Encryption and anti-jamming protection |
| User Terminals | Device authentication and intrusion detection |
Defence-in-Depth Cybersecurity Model
The framework adopts a multi-layered security architecture covering:
- Satellite systems
- Ground infrastructure
- Communication networks
- Supply chain ecosystems
This ensures cyber protection in depth, breadth and height, addressing evolving cyber threats.
Alignment with Global Cybersecurity Standards
The framework aligns with international cybersecurity standards including:
| Organisation / Framework | Role |
| International Telecommunication Union (ITU) | Global telecom and satellite communication standards |
| National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) | Cybersecurity frameworks |
| Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) | Space data communication standards |
| SPACE-Shield | Space cyber defence initiatives |
| TREKS | Targeting, Reconnaissance and Exploitation Kill Chain for Space |
| SPARTA | Space Attack Research and Tactic Analysis |
Public–Private Partnership Model
The initiative highlights collaboration between:
- Government agencies
- Space industry companies
- Startups
- Academic institutions
The framework will be regularly updated in consultation with industry stakeholders to address evolving cyber risks.
Significance of Framework
- Strengthens cybersecurity of India’s space infrastructure.
- Protects critical services like navigation, communication and disaster management.
- Promotes secure space ecosystem development amid increasing private sector participation.
- Aligns India’s cyber standards with global space security frameworks.
- Enhances national security and technological resilience.
Need for Space Cyber Security
Space infrastructure is becoming critical for multiple national functions.
Key Dependence Areas
- Satellite communication networks
- Navigation systems
- Disaster management
- Defence communication
- Television broadcasting and internet connectivity
Major Cyber Threats
- Signal jamming
- Signal spoofing
- Data manipulation
- Ground station compromise
- Unauthorized satellite commands
Such attacks can disrupt strategic services and critical national infrastructure.
About CERT-In
| Feature | Details |
| Full Name | Indian Computer Emergency Response Team |
| Established | 2004 |
| Legal Status | Designated under Section 70B of IT Act 2000 |
| Ministry | Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology |
| Role | National agency for cyber incident response |
Key Functions
- 24×7 cyber incident response helpdesk
- Monitoring hacking, phishing and cyber attacks
- Cybersecurity prevention and response services
- Security quality management across sectors
About SIA-India
| Feature | Details |
| Full Name | Satcom Industry Association of India |
| Type | Non-profit industry body |
| Members | Satellite operators, manufacturers, startups, academic institutions |
| Role | Represents space industry interests in policy and regulation |
Functions
- Promotes global collaboration in the space sector
- Acts as a bridge between industry and government
- Facilitates policy dialogue and regulatory engagement