International Mother Language Day (IMLD) is observed globally every year on February 21 to promote linguistic diversity and multilingualism. Established by UNESCO, the 2025 edition marks the 25th anniversary (Silver Jubilee) of this important observance, recognizing a quarter-century of efforts to preserve linguistic diversity and encourage mother tongue use worldwide.
Theme for IMLD 2025: “Silver Jubilee Celebration of International Mother Language Day”
History of International Mother Language Day
- Origin: The observance commemorates the Bhasha Andolon (Bengali Language Movement) of 1952, when students of the University of Dhaka protested against the imposition of Urdu as the sole state language in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
- Significance: The movement played a key role in the formation of Bangladesh in 1971, emphasizing the importance of linguistic and cultural identity.
- UNESCO Recognition: In November 1999, UNESCO declared February 21 as International Mother Language Day, which was later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2002.
What is a Mother Language?
A mother language is a person’s first language, learned in early childhood, shaping one’s personality, identity, and cultural heritage.
Global Language Facts:
- The most widely spoken languages are Arabic, English, Hindi, and Mandarin Chinese.
- India has 22 official languages recognized under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
- Studies suggest that multilingual individuals have enhanced cognitive and problem-solving abilities.
Significance of International Mother Language Day 2025
As the world celebrates 25 years of International Mother Language Day, the focus remains on preserving linguistic diversity and ensuring that future generations continue to embrace their native languages.
The observance underscores the importance of linguistic heritage and cultural identity, highlighting efforts to preserve endangered languages and promote multilingual learning.
- Promoting Education in the Mother Tongue: Enhances learning, comprehension, and academic success.
- Reviving Endangered Languages: Supports efforts to document and sustain languages facing extinction.
- Strengthening Cultural Identity: Helps communities cherish and pass down linguistic traditions.
- Protecting Indigenous Linguistic Rights: Advocates for recognition and protection of indigenous languages.