Every year on April 8, world observes International Romani Day to celebrate Romani culture and raise awareness about challenges faced by Romani community globally. The date marks the anniversary of First World Romani Congress held in 1971 in Chelsfield, near London.
Background & History
First Celebrated: Officially declared in 1990 at the Fourth World Romani Congress in Serock, Poland.
Organized by: International Romani Union (IRU).
Purpose:
- Celebrate Romani identity and heritage.
- Highlight the human rights issues, discrimination, and marginalization the community continues to face.
Significance of April 8
- Commemorates the First World Romani Congress (7–12 April 1971), held in Chelsfield, UK.
- This Congress was a major milestone in uniting Romani people globally to fight for their rights, culture, and recognition.
- The event led to the adoption of the Romani flag and the Romani anthem (“Gelem, Gelem”).
Who are Romani?
Origin:
- Historically traced back to northwestern India (regions in modern-day India and Pakistan).
- Initially traveled as musicians and artisans, migrating across Europe and later globally.
Historical Persecution
The Romani have endured centuries of discrimination, exclusion, and persecution:
- Nazi regime: Targeted during the Holocaust.
- Communist regimes: Suppressed culture and forcibly assimilated communities.
- Ongoing: Face racism, poverty, lack of access to education and healthcare in many parts of the world.
Culture & Language:
- Romani people have a distinct language, Romani, and a rich cultural identity.
- In Spain, their culture blended with Iberian, Jewish, Muslim, and Moorish traditions, contributing to the evolution of Flamenco.
Global Spread:
- Middle Ages: Migrated to Turkey, France, Spain, and other parts of Europe.
- 19th Century: Spread to the Americas, including the United States, Canada, and Brazil.
Current Population Estimates:
- Over 1 million Roma in the United States.
- Approximately 800,000 in Brazil.
- One of the largest ethnic minorities in Europe, with millions across Central and Eastern Europe.
International Recognition & Efforts
United Nations and European Union observe and promote International Romani Day as a day of cultural celebration and advocacy for Romani rights.
Calls for:
- Ending systemic discrimination
- Promoting education and employment opportunities
- Preserving Romani cultural heritage