International Literacy Day is observed every year on 8 September to highlight literacy as a fundamental human right and a foundation for education, opportunity and participation in society. The 2026 observance marks its 60th anniversary and focuses on the continuing importance of literacy in a rapidly changing world.
Theme 2026: “Literacy for people, the planet and prosperity”.The day also provides an opportunity to review progress made over six decades and address persistent global literacy challenges.
Why is 8 September Observed?
The idea originated at the 1965 World Conference of Ministers of Education on the Eradication of Illiteracy in Tehran, Iran.
| Year | Key Development |
| 1965 | Tehran conference promoted the idea of a dedicated global literacy observance |
| 1966 | UNESCO proclaimed International Literacy Day on 26 October during its 14th General Conference |
| 1967 | First International Literacy Day observed on 8 September; UN Economic and Social Council Resolution 1276(LIII) endorsed the observance |
| 1990 | UN declared the International Literacy Year |
| 2003–2012 | United Nations Literacy Decade supported global literacy and education efforts |
Global Literacy Challenge
According to UNESCO’s 2024 data, at least 739 million youth and adults still lack basic literacy skills, while four in 10 children do not achieve minimum reading proficiency.
Therefore, the 2026 theme connects literacy with broader social, environmental and economic development, rather than viewing it only as an individual reading and writing skill.
UNESCO International Literacy Prizes 2026
UNESCO’s International Literacy Prizes recognise outstanding programmes that contribute to empowerment and sustainable development.
- Six prizes are awarded annually. Since 1967, the prizes have recognised more than 500 programmes and initiatives.
- UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prizes: Three awards recognising mother-tongue and multilingual literacy initiatives. Each laureate receives a medal, diploma and US$30,000.
- UNESCO Confucius Prizes for Literacy: Three awards recognising functional literacy programmes, particularly those supporting rural communities and out-of-school youth through technology.
- Eligibility: Individuals, NGOs and government bodies involved in literacy promotion can apply if their programmes show measurable impact and align with the year’s theme.
- Selection: Nominations require endorsement from a National Commission for UNESCO or an NGO in official partnership with UNESCO. A five-member independent International Jury evaluates the nominations.