The third synchronized population survey of the Nilgiri Tahr, the State animal of Tamil Nadu, was completed in April 2026 by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department in coordination with Kerala across the Western Ghats. The exercise aimed at generating accurate, duplication-free population estimates through simultaneous counting across state boundaries.
Survey Framework and Methodology
- The survey covered over 3,100 km across 14 forest divisions, stretching from Ashambu Mottai (Kanniyakumari) to Tavalamalai (Gudalur).
- Simultaneous enumeration across Tamil Nadu and Kerala ensured scientific accuracy and elimination of double counting.
- A dedicated mobile application named “Varudai”– derived from Sangam-era terminology for the species—was introduced.
- The app enabled real-time data collection, GPS tracking, and standardised reporting, supported by a web-based system.
- This marks the first instance of a mobile application being used for surveying any mammalian species in Tamil Nadu.
- A trained personnel directory was also developed to streamline field operations.
- The survey incorporated independent scientific participation from institutions such as International Union for Conservation of Nature, Botanical Survey of India, and Wildlife Trust of India, enhancing credibility and methodological rigor.
About Nilgiri Tahr
The Nilgiri Tahr, also known as Varayaadu or Nilgiri Ibex, is a caprine ungulate endemic to the Western Ghats, primarily found in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
- It inhabits montane grasslands and shola forests at elevations between 1,200 and 2,600 metres, favouring grassy slopes and rocky cliffs.
- The largest population occurs in Eravikulam National Park, with additional populations in the Palani Hills, Srivilliputtur, Meghamalai, and Agasthiyar ranges.
Key Characteristics
- The species is diurnal, with a lifespan of around 9 years in the wild.
- It is known for exceptional agility and sure-footedness, enabling survival in steep rocky terrains.
- They exhibit herd-based social behaviour, and ongoing studies assess translocation potential for genetic diversity.
- The winter calving season influences survey timing to ensure better visibility of juveniles.
- Health monitoring includes tumour prevalence studies in certain populations.
Conservation Status and Threats
- IUCN Status: Endangered
- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
Major threats include:
- Habitat loss due to deforestation, hydroelectric projects, and monoculture plantations
- Competition with livestock
- Poaching
- Local extinction in some regions (e.g., Karnataka highlands)
The Project Nilgiri Tahr, launched in October 2023, focuses on habitat management, population monitoring, and scientific conservation strategies.
Habitat and Distribution
- The species is restricted to a ~400 km stretch of the Western Ghats, from the Nilgiris to Kanyakumari hills.
- Once widespread, it is now confined to fragmented habitat pockets due to ecological degradation.
Nilgiri Tahr Ecological Significance
- Acts as a key prey species for predators like leopards (and occasionally tigers).
- Coexists with endemic fauna such as the Nilgiri langur and lion-tailed macaque.
- Serves as an indicator species for the health of montane grassland ecosystems.
- Its conservation is critical for maintaining the biodiversity of the Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot.